定位UI元素 (WebElements)

关于元素的选取，有如下的API

单个元素选取

find_element_by_id
find_element_by_name
find_element_by_xpath
find_element_by_link_text
find_element_by_partial_link_text
find_element_by_tag_name
find_element_by_class_name
find_element_by_css_selector

多个元素选取

find_elements_by_name
find_elements_by_xpath
find_elements_by_link_text
find_elements_by_partial_link_text
find_elements_by_tag_name
find_elements_by_class_name
find_elements_by_css_selector

By Id

For instance, consider this page source:

  <html>
   <body>
    <form id="loginForm">
     <input name="username" type="text" />
     <input name="password" type="password" />
     <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login" />
    </form>
   </body>
  <html>

The form element can be located like this:

login_form = driver.find_element_by_id('loginForm')

By Name

For instance, consider this page source:

  <html>
   <body>
    <form id="loginForm">
     <input name="username" type="text" />
     <input name="password" type="password" />
     <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login" />
     <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear" />
    </form>
  </body>
  <html>

The username & password elements can be located like this:

username = driver.find_element_by_name('username') password = driver.find_element_by_name('password')

By XPath

This is a little abstract, so for the following piece of HTML:

  <html>
   <body>
    <form id="loginForm">
     <input name="username" type="text" />
     <input name="password" type="password" />
     <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login" />
     <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear" />
    </form>
  </body>
  <html>

The form elements can be located like this:

login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form[1]") login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[1]") login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']")

By (partial) Link Text

For instance, consider this page source:

  <html>
   <body>
    <p>Are you sure you want to do this?</p>
    <a href="continue.html">Continue</a>
    <a href="cancel.html">Cancel</a>
  </body>
  <html>

The continue.html link can be located like this:

continue_link = driver.find_element_by_link_text('Continue') continue_link = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('Conti')

By Tag Name

For instance, consider this page source:
```
  <iframe src="..."></iframe>
```
The iframe element can be located like this:

frame = driver.find_element_by_tag_name("iframe")

By Class Name

For instance, consider this page source:

  <html>
   <body>
    <p class="content">Site content goes here.</p>
   </body>
  <html>

The “p” element can be located like this:

content = driver.find_element_by_class_name('content')

By CSS Selectors

Example of to find the cheese below:

  <html>
   <body>
    <p class="content">Site content goes here.</p>
   </body>
  <html>

The “p” element can be located like this:

content = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('p.content')